Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a set of reactions that can develop in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event that threatens their life or safety (or others around them). They can involve actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual abuse. Following a traumatic event, the impact on individuals is expected to decrease over time with a return to normal daily function. For some, however, the experience may result in on-going symptoms that interfere with day-to-day life. Nearly a quarter of people who experience severe trauma go on to develop PTSD (or post-traumatic stress disorder).
Having a job that increases your risk of being exposed to traumatic events, such as first responders, including police, firefighters, paramedics, corrections and military personnel. Symptoms of PTSD are often grouped into types. These types include: avoidance, intrusive memories, changes in emotional reactions, and negative changes in thinking and mood. The most common symptoms of include flashbacks, jumpiness, emotional detachment, avoidance, sleep disturbance, and cognitive difficulties. These symptoms can come and go and vary in intensity.
Complex PTSD is a relatively recent concept. It might be diagnosed when a person has experienced trauma on an ongoing basis. Most frequently, this trauma involves long-term physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. The following are some examples of trauma that can cause complex PTSD:
- experiencing childhood neglect
- experiencing other types of abuse early in life
- experiencing domestic abuse
- living in a region affected by war
People with PTSD or complex PTSD may also experience: